Scotland
Chronology
of events in Scottish history
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The story of one
family’s journey through two thousand years of British History |
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Members of the
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This page is work in progress
Headlines are in brown.
Dates are in red.
Hyperlinks to
other pages are in dark
blue.
References and
citations are in turquoise.
Context and local
history are in purple.
Geographical
context is in green.
1230
An idea of modern
Scotland evolved in the early thirteenth century. In 1230, the kingdom of Moray
in the north was taken.
1249
Alexander III of
Scotland was crowned. He married one of the daughters of Henry III. He did
homage to the King for his territories in England, though not Scotland.
1286
Alexander III was
killed in a riding accident. With a lack of successors, Edward I of England
arbitrated and chose John Balliol, Lord of Galloway, who was most likely to toe
the English line.
The French raised in Kent, and Edward I demanded assistance from
his Scottish vassals, but instead they made an alliance (“the Auld Alliance”)
with France.
The Scots crossed the Tweed and started the “Scottish Wars of
Independence”, a precursor to the Hundred Years War with France. The Scottish
raiders were defeated and Berwick was brutally burned. The Stone of Destiny was
removed to Westminster from Scone.
1297
William Wallace, a knight, led an uprising. He raided deep into
England. Edward I, after making peace with the French, committed a large force
to Scotland and defeated Wallace at Falkirk. He was tried for treason and
executed at Smithfield.
Many Scottish Lords paid homage to Edward, including Robert de
Brus, a descendant of the Norman and Anglo Saxon nobility with lands in
Scotland and England (for instance lands at Skelton and Cleveland
where Farndales would later settle).
1298
Robert de Brus murdered John Comyn and proclaimed that he was king
of Scots.
The English army
under Edward II was defeated at Bannockburn on 24 June 1314, which would become
an end to English ambitions in Scotland.
1320
The Declaration
of Arbroath appealed to the Pope to assert the Scots as a holy people, with a
right to independence under Robert as King – “We fight not for glory, nor
riches, nor honours, but for freedom.”
1329
After another
invasion of England, Robert Bruce died in 1329.
1332
Edward Balliol
was crowned King of Scotland with English support. Balliol ceded Lothian and
Berwick to England and p[aid homage to Edward as overlord.
The Bruce family
were supported by France.