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2 January 1335
On 2 January 1335, Richard Moryn of Rosedale,
acting on the behalf of the abbot of St Mary, William Trotan
of Spaunton, Roger the Miller of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter
of Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blakhous
of Farndale (BLA00001), and Ralph de Heued
of Farndale (HEU00002) came into Pickering Forest at an unknown place with bows and arrows and
killed one four-year-old buck and hunted one stag and carried away with them
the game and thereupon they did their will. They were ordered to appear at a
hearing of the matter on 3 October 1334, but although they were living in the
country, they did not appear. Therefore the sheriff was ordered to make them
come. However the Sheriff failed to apprehend them, since they had withdrawn
into hiding, and so the search was continue while meantime they were declared
to be outlaws (The Great Cowcher of the
Duchy of Lancaster, The National Archives, DL42/1 Folio 222, DL 42/1/35/U9, Folio 221v to
223v).
Under the Pleas of the Forest there was a
hearing on the Monday next after Michaelmas 8 Edw. III (1334 to 1335).
Michaelmas is 29 September each year. The next Monday in 1334 was 3 October
1334. This needs some reconciling since the hearing seems to have been
earlier than the offence.
Richard Moryn of Rossedale
[Rosedale] on the behalf of the abbot of St Mary, William Trotan
of Spaunton, Roger del Mulne
of Farndale, Robert, son of Peter of the same, Walter Blakhous
of the same, and Ralph de Heued of the same were the
alleged offenders.
Molendinarius is Latin
for Miller, so this was Roger the Miller of Farndale.
It is presented that, on Monday next after
the feast of the Epiphany, they came in the forest in an unknown place with
bows and arrows and killed one four-year-old buck and hunted one stag and
carried away with them the game and thereupon did their will. They have not now
come, etc. Therefore the sheriff is ordered to cause them to come.
The feast of the Epiphany is celebrated on 6
January. Since no separate year is given for the offence, it is assumed to have
been in early 1335. The Monday before 6 January that year was 2 January 1335.
Afterwards the sheriff returned that they are
not found, not do they have anything, but they have withdrawn themselves.
Therefore they are to exacted, until they are outlawed, etc.
In a case last heard on 3 October
1334, at a hearing at Pickering, again before Justices Richard Willoughby and
John de Hambury at Easter 1335, a long list of offenders
including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert
(FAR00012), son of Peter de Farndale (FAR00008), Walter
Blachose (BLA00001), Ralph
del Heued (HEU00002), had still not been apprehended and
were ordered for apprehension by the sheriff by the Tuesday three weeks after
Michaelmas 1335 (ie by Tuesday 17 October 1335)(The Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National
Archives, DL42/1 Folio 277v to 278v).
In respect
of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Wylughby [Willoughby] and John de Hambury,
justices, etc. on the Monday next after the month of Easter 9 Edw. III (1335 to
1336). So this was a hearing in April 1335. There is a suggestion that this
hearing was on 15 May 1335 (The Duchy of Lancaster Records, from the North Riding
Record Society, The Honour and Forest of Pickering, Edited by Robert
Bell Turton, Volume IV, 1897, page xiii).
The alleged
offenders included the same long list of individuals as in 1334, which included
Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger
del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of
Peter de Farndale, Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
And the sheriff returned that Robert de Chibourn and the others are not found, nor do they have
anything in his bailiwick by which they can be attached. Therefore the sheriff
is ordered to take them, etc, in such a way that he has their bodies here
before the said justices on Tuesday next after three weeks of Michaelmas, etc.
17 October 1335 and 10 February 1337
In a case last heard in April 1335, at a
hearing at Pickering, again before Justices Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury at Easter 1335, a long list of offenders including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002), had still not been apprehended. As a follow up, on 10 February 1337,
the original judicial panel of Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury were to be replaced by the King by a new judicial
panel comprising two of Richard de la Pole, Richard, Robert de Hungerford and
John de Hambury (The
Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National Archives, DL42/1 Folio
279 to 280v).
William de la Pole (c.1290-1366) and his
brother Richard (d.1345) built a wool business in Hull, Yorkshire. From there
they became closely connected with the Royal court, lending large amounts of
money which delivered interest as high as 22%.
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Wylughby
[Willoughby] and John de Hambury, justices, etc. on
the Tuesday next after the three weeks of Michaelmas 9 Edw. III (1335 to 1336).
So this was a hearing on 17 October 1335.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
On which Thursday at Pikeryng
[Pickering], before John de Hambury, only Richard de
la Pole came and he produced a writ of the king [recited], stating that,
whereas lately the king, at the request of Henry, earl of Lancaster, appointed
Richard de Wylughby [Willoughby], John de Shardelowe, Robert de Hungerford and John Hambury, etc, to be justices itinerant for pleas of the
forest of the same earl of Pikeryng [Pickering] from
the time when Edmund, late earl of Lancaster, father of the said Henry, whose
heir he is, last held pleas of the forest in the same forest by virtue of a
grant made to him by Edward I, and as John de Shardelowe
cannot travel to do the premises, as the king has heard, the king appoints in
John's place Richard de la Pole, together with the said
Richard, Robert and John de Hambury,
two or one of them. The writ is witnessed by the king at Knaresburgh
on 10 Feb 10 Edw. III (1336 to 1337). And upon this the king sent Richard de Wylughby, Robert de Hungerford and John de Hambury, two or one them, his writ close [recited],
commanding them to admit Richard de la Pole and to be attentive in this matter,
which said writ is dated at Knaresburgh on 10 Feb 10
Edw. III. By virtue of which writ John de Hambury
admitted Richard in the place of John de Shardelowe
as his fellow to do the premises.
In a case last heard on 17 October 1335, at a
hearing at Pickering, before Justices John de Hambury
and Richard de la Pole on 13 February 1337, a long list of offenders including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002) had still not been apprehended. The King ordered at Leicester on 1
October 1337 that a fresh writ be issued by Monday next after the feast of St
Andrew the Apostle (The feast is on 30 November) with an adjourned hearing to
Wednesday next after Ascension (39 days after Easter) 10 Edw. III (The Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National
Archives, DL42/1 Folio 280v to 282).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before John de Hambury
and Richard de la Pole, justices, etc. on Thursday next after the octave of the
Purification of the Blessed Mary 10 Edw. III (1336 to 1337).
Candlemas is the Christian festival on
February 2 commemorating the occasion when the Virgin Mary, in obedience to
Jewish law, went to the Temple in Jerusalem both to be purified 40 days after
the birth of her son, Jesus, and to present him to God as her firstborn. The
octave is the eight-day celebration following the feast, would include the
following seven days after February 2nd, concluding on February 9th. The first
Thursday after the Octave of Candlemas 1337 was therefore 13 February 1337.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl for their redemption for trespasses of the hunt made in this forest, of
which they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
On which day the said pleas and processes
remained without day by the absence of all the said justices at the king's
command. Upon which the king afterwards sent his writ close to the said
justices [recited], directed to Richard de Wylughby
[Willoughby], Robert de Hungerford, John de Hambury
and Richard de la Pole. Whereas, at the request of Henry, earl of Lancaster,
the king appointed them, three and two of them, as justices itinerant for pleas
of the forest of the earl of Pikeryng [Pickering]
from the time when Edmund, late earl of Lancaster, last held pleas there, etc.,
and subsequently understanding that John de Shardelowe
cannot travel together with Richard de Wylughby,
Robert and John, two or one of them, to do [the premises], the king appointed
Richard de la Pole in his place, etc, and the king, having consideration and
wishing that the same pleas and processes do not perish, etc, commanded the
said justices to give the king's writ under their testimony to Richard de Wylughby, the sheriff of Yorkshire, in mandates that the
said pleas and processes [should be] before them, three or two of them, at Pikeryng [Pickering] at some certain day which they
consider should be assigned for this, in the same state as they were on
Wednesday next after Ascension, and also that the parties which those pleas and
processes concern should be resummoned and reattached, and that they hold the
said eyre on that day and carry out all the said pleas and processes and any
other things, etc. The writ is witnessed by the king at Leycestre
[Leicester] on 1 Oct 10 Edw. III. By pretext of which writ the sheriff of
Yorkshire caused Robert de Chibourn and the others
convicted of trespasses of the hunt to come on Monday next after the feast of
St Andrew the Apostle to make satisfaction to the earl, in such a way that the
said pleas and processes are then there in the same state in which they were at
Pikeryng [Pickering] on Wednesday next after
Ascension 10 Edw. III, where they were adjourned. On which day the said pleas
and processes remained without day by absence both of John de Hambury and Richard de la Pole and also of Richard de Wylughby and Robert de Hungerford, justices, being then
elsewhere at the king's command.
In a case last heard on 13 February 1337, at
a hearing at Pickering, before Justices John de Hambury
and Richard de la Pole on 1 December 1337, a long list of offenders including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert
(FAR00012), son of Peter de Farndale (FAR00008), Walter
Blachose (BLA00001), Ralph
del Heued (HEU00002), had still
not been apprehended. (The Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The
National Archives, DL42/1 Folio 282 to 283v).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Willoughby and Richard
de la Pole, justices, etc. on Monday next after the feast of St Andrew the
Apostle 10 Edw. III (1336 to 1337).
The feast of St Andrew the Apostle is on 30
November, and the first Monday after that date was 1 December 1337.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
16 March 1338
In a case last heard on 1 December 1337, at a
hearing at Pickering, before Justices Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury on 16 March 1338, a long list of offenders
including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002), had still not been apprehended.
(The Great Cowcher of the Duchy of
Lancaster, The National Archives, DL42/1 Folio 283v to 284v).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before before
Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury, justices,
etc. on Monday in the second week of Lent 11 Edw. III (1337 to 1338).
In 1338, Lent started on Thursday 12 March
and ended on 24 April. This was based on the traditional calculation of Lent,
which begins on Ash Wednesday and lasts for 40 days (excluding Sundays) leading
up to Easter Sunday. The Monday in the second week of Lent was therefore 16
March 1338.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
21 September 1338
In a case last heard on 16 March 1338, at a
hearing at Pickering, before Justices Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury on 21 or 28 September 1338, a long list of
offenders including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002), had still not been apprehended. (The
Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National Archives, DL42/1 Folio
284v to 286).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury, justices, etc. on Monday next
after the feast of St Matthew the apostle 11 Edw. III (1337 to 1338).
The Feast Day of St. Matthew, Apostle and
Evangelist, is celebrated on 21 September. This day is dedicated to honouring
the life and legacy of St. Matthew, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and the
author of the first Gospel. 21 September 1338 was a Monday, so the hearing took
place on either 21 or 28 September 1338.
The alleged offenders included the
same long list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon
de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
5 April 1339
In a case last heard in September 1338, at a
hearing at Pickering, before Justices Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury on 5 April 1339, a long list of offenders including
Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002), had still not been apprehended. (The
Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National Archives, DL42/1 Folio
286 to 287).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury, justices, etc. on Monday next
before the feast of Palm Sunday 12 Edw. III (1338 to 1339).
In 1339, Palm Sunday was on 3 April. Palm
Sunday is always the Sunday before Easter, and in 1339, Easter was on 10 April.
The Monday after Palm Sunday was 5 April 1339.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to come before the justices here on this day to make satisfaction to the
earl about their redemption for trespasses of hunting made in this forest,
whereof they are convicted before the said justices by the foresters, verderers
and other ministers. And they have not come.
14 or 21 September 1339
In a case last heard on 5 April 1339, at a
hearing at Pickering, before Justices Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury on 14 or 21 September 1339, a long list of
offenders including Robert (FAR00031), son of Simon
of Farndale (FAR00021), Roger del Milne of Farndale (FAR00013A), Robert (FAR00012), son of Peter de
Farndale (FAR00008), Walter Blachose
(BLA00001), Ralph del Heued
(HEU00002), had still not been apprehended. Exacerbated at the lack of progress in
apprehending the gang, the sheriff was ordered to hunt for them from county to
county and if they were still not found, they were to be outlawed (The Great Cowcher of the Duchy of Lancaster, The National
Archives, DL42/1 Folio 287 to 289v).
In respect of Pleas held at Pikeryng [Pickering] before Richard Willoughby and John de Hambury, justices, etc. on Tuesday
next after the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross 12 Edw. III (1338 to
1339).
The Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
is celebrated annually on 14 September, regardless of the year, including 1339.
This feast commemorates the discovery of the True Cross by Saint Helena and the
dedication of churches built on the site of the Holy Sepulchre. The feast also
commemorates the restoration of the True Cross to Jerusalem by Emperor
Heraclius after its capture by the Persians. 14 September was a Tuesday so the
hearing was on 14 or 21 September 1339.
The alleged offenders included the same long
list of individuals as in 1334, which included Robert, son of Simon de Farnedale [Farndale], Roger del Milne of Farnedale [Farndale], Robert, son of Peter de Farndale,
Walter Blachose, and Ralph del Heued.
The sheriff is ordered to cause the aforesaid
people to be exacted from county to county, until, etc, they are outlawed, if
they do appear. And if they do appear, he is then to take them, in such a way
that he has their bodies here at this day to make satisfaction to the earl
about their redemption for trespasses of hunting whereof they are convicted
before the said justices by the foresters, verderers and other ministers.
There is a separate page about poaching in Pickering Forest.