Picking up on old
offences in 1334
3
October 1334 with offences dating to perhaps c 1315
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A number of individuals from Farndale were fined following prior
indictments for poaching in 1334 and not turning up at the Eyre. They paid bail
or had bail paid for them (North Riding Records, Volume IV by the North Yorkshire
Record Society, the Honour and Forest of Pickering, 1897, page 23 and 28, not on line but
I have a physical copy). The text is an extract from the Coucher
Book of the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster.
A hearing occurred in [1334) in respect of Fines, amerciamenta et exitus foreste apud Pickering coram Ricardo de Wylughby,
Roberto de Hungerford et Johanne de Hambury Justiciariis at itinerandum ad
placita foreste Henrici Comitis
Lancastrie de Pickering assignatus
die lune proximo post festum sancti michaelis anno regni regis edwardi terchi a conquestu octavo which translates as “Fines,
amercements and exits of the forest at Pickering before Richard de Wylughby, Robert de Hungerford and John de Hambury, Justiciary, at the journey to the forest of Henry
Earl of Lancaster of Pickering, assigned on Monday next after Michaelmas in the
year of the reign of King Edwardi, the third, the
eighth from the conquest.”
This seems to refer to a hearing about events which were dealt
with by Richard de Wylughby, Robert de Hungerford and
John de Hambury in the 1334 eyres, but which had been
recorded at a previous eyre in the eight regnal year of the reign of Edward
III, being 1334 to 1335. Michaelmas is celebrated on 29 September. The following Monday in 1334 was 3 October
1334.
(The Duchy of Lancaster Records, from the North Riding Record
Society, The Honour and Forest of Pickering, Edited by Robert Bell
Turton, 1897, page 23 and 28)
The series of eyres which began in Pickering in 1334 were the
first hearings of the itinerant eyre court for decades and they heard cases
dating back to the 1280s. I have seen an interpretation that the offences
committed by the folk of Farndale, which are listed below, occurred in 1280. I
believe this is an incorrect interpretation of text which might suggest the
eighth regnal year of Edward I, being 1279 to 1280, which I suspect misreads Edwardi as Edward I, instead of Edwardi
terchi or Edward III.
Nevertheless these offences appear about a third of the way amidst
a list stretching over 25 pages of text, amounting to a multiplicity of cases
which is consistent with the fact that the eyre was dealing with cases going
back many decades.
Whilst the text doesn’t explain when the poaching offences
occurred, it might be reasonable to suppose they occurred several years
previously. In the table below I have adopted provisional dates for each
offence in order to provide us with a model upon which to build a chronology.
The relevant text begins De Rogero
Drye uno manucaptorum Ricardi
Drye indictali
de venacione de
fine quia ipsum
non habaerunt primo
die itineris prout eum manucepetunt
per plegium Ade
de Spayne.
The translated text reads From
the following sureties
of persons indicted
for poaching for
not producing the persons
so indicted on
the first day
of the Eyre
in accordance with their
suretyship as to
Richard Drye, from
Roger Drye 2s, bail
Adam de Spayne, [336]
from Hugh Lenonus 1s 8d,
bail Adam de Sartrye from
John White 3s,
bail Adam de Sartrye and
Nicholas Ylle, from
Roger de Verdale
2s, bail Adam
de Sartrye
; as
to William Haye from
Alan son of
Alexander 1s, bail
Roger de Stapelton but
no fine in
respect of his
suretyship for Adam
de Suthfield because he
is poor ; from
Robert son of
Alexander, as to
William Haye and Adam
de Suthfield 1s
each, bail Roger
de Stapelton and 1s
8d as
to Richard father of
William Haye, bail
Adam de Sartrye ; from
Roger de Verdale 1s 8d each
as to William
Haye and his
father Richard,
bail Adam de Sartrye ; from
Roger de Multhorp 2s
each as to
the same persons with
the same bail ;
as to
John son of
Abbas 1s 8d from Roger son
of Gilbert of
Farndale, bail
Nicholas de Repyngale, 2s
from John de Hutton,
bail John Albred,
1s from Thomas
Makaunt,
bail Roger son of
Gilbert, 3s 4d
from Henry Tunge, bail
Nicholas de Repyngale, 2s from
Peter son of
Gervase, bail Elias Cokerell; as to
John Cokerell
2s from Roger
merchant of Pickering,
bail Peter son of
Gervais and 2s
from William Smith
of Crofton, bail
Nicholas de Repyngale
; as
to John son
of Richard de Westgill 3s
4d from Robert Westgyll, bail
Nicholas de Farndale,
[336b] 2s from
John Alberd,
bail William the
Smith, 3s 4d from
John Shepherd of
Farndale, bail Nicholas de Repyngale, 2s from William
the Smith of
Farndale, bail Nicholas de
Farndale ; as to
Robert son of
Richard de Westgill 2s from
John Alberd, bail
William the Smith,
2s from John
son of Walter, bail John Alberd, 2s from
William the Smith
of Farndale, bail Nicholas
de Repyngale; as
to each of
Richard son of
John and Adam son
of Simon both
millers of Farndale,
3s 4d from Alan
son of Nicholas of
Farndale, bail John Alberd, 1s 8d from
Nicholas Laverok, bail Walter
de Shaghe, 2s
from John son
of John Miller,
bail William the smith (North Riding Records
Yorks, Volume IV, The Honour and Forest of Pickering).
This record relates to claims for sureties or guarantees for
people who had been indicted for poaching. I translate the two types of
formulae in this text as:
· as to
[Guarantor] 1s 8d from [Poacher],
bail [payer]; or
· 2s
from [Poacher],
bail
[Guarantor and payer].
These
formulae may need some further consideration since, on this approach, individuals
appear as both poachers and guarantors and the same individual appears as a payer for an absent poacher and an absent poacher at the
same hearing. It is though possible that in an age of rough justice, the
indigenous population were rounded up and treated in an arbitrary manner.
Therefore a summary of those individuals from Farndale is as
follows:
|
Date of Hearing |
Notional date of Offence |
Payer |
Guarantor (malpernor) |
Poacher |
Amount of Fine |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1315 |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
John son of
Abbas (ADA00003) |
1s 8d |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1315 |
John Albred |
John Albred |
John de Hutton (HOT00003) |
2s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1316 |
Roger son of Gilbert
of Farndale (FAR00013A) |
Roger son of Gilbert
of Farndale (FAR00013A) |
Thomas Makaunt |
1s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1317 |
Elias Cokerell (COK00002) |
Elias Cokerell (COK00002) |
Peter son of
Gervase |
2s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1317 |
Peter son of Gervais
|
John Cokerell (COK00001) |
Roger merchant of
Pickering |
2s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1319 |
Nicholas de Farndale (FAR00041A) |
Robert Westgyll (WES00005) |
3s 4d |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1319 |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
John Shepherd of
Farndale (FAR00010) |
3s 4d |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1319 |
Nicholas de Farndale (FAR00041A) |
Nicholas de Farndale (FAR00041A) |
William the Smith
of Farndale (FAR00037) |
2s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1319 |
William the Smith (FAR00037) |
John Alberd |
2s |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1320 |
John Alberd |
John Alberd |
2s |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1320 |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
William the Smith
of Farndale (FAR00037) |
2s |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1320 |
John Alberd |
Richard (FAR00016) son of John the Miller of
Farndale (FAR00021B) |
3s 4d |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1321 |
John Alberd |
Adam (FAR00025) son of Simon the Miller of Farndale (FAR00021) |
3s 4d |
|
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1321 |
William the Smith (FAR00037) |
William the Smith (FAR00037) |
2s |
In a separate record of further fines for sureties (The Duchy of Lancaster Records,
from the North Riding Record Society, The Honour and Forest of Pickering,
Edited by Robert Bell Turton, 1897, page 34):
|
Date of Hearing |
Notional date of Offence |
Payer |
Guarantor (malpernor) |
Poacher |
Amount of Fine |
|
3 October 1334 |
c 1325 |
Walter Trusseleygh |
Adam (FAR00025) son of Simon the Miller of Farndale (FAR00021) |
Nicholas de Repyngale |
5s |
There is a separate page about poaching in Pickering Forest.